Chalazion: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments and Diagnosis

A chalazion, also known as a meibomian cyst, is a common, benign eye condition that affects the eyelid. It typically occurs when the oil-producing glands in the eyelid become blocked, causing a small lump or bump. While chalazia are generally harmless and resolve on their own, they can sometimes cause discomfort or become infected. In this blog, we will explore the symptoms, causes, treatments, and diagnosis of chalazion to help you better understand this condition and how it can be managed.

Signs and symptoms of chalazion

The signs and symptoms of chalazion can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but the most common ones include:

• Painless lump: The hallmark symptom of a chalazion is a small, firm lump on the eyelid. The bump is typically painless, though it can become tender if it becomes inflamed or infected.
  
  
• Redness and Swelling: In some cases, the eyelid may become red, swollen, and irritated, especially if the chalazion becomes infected or inflamed.
  
  
• Dryness or Irritation: The affected eyelid may feel dry, itchy, or irritated, which can make wearing contact lenses uncomfortable.
  
  
• Blurred vision: If the chalazion grows large enough to put pressure on the eye, it can cause temporary blurred vision.
  
  

If you notice any of these symptoms, it is important to monitor the condition closely and consult with an eye specialist if the lump does not resolve within a few weeks.

Causes of chalazion

Chalazia occurs when one of the meibomian glands, located along the edge of the eyelid, becomes blocked. These glands are responsible for secreting oil that helps lubricate the eyes. When the gland becomes clogged with oil, dead skin cells, or other debris, it can cause a blockage that leads to a chalazion. The exact causes of the blockage can vary, but some common risk factors include:

• Blepharitis: This chronic inflammation of the eyelid is often associated with a higher risk of developing chalazia, as it can cause the meibomian glands to become blocked.
  
  
• Poor hygiene: Poor eyelid hygiene can increase the likelihood of developing chalazia. Not removing makeup properly or touching the eyes with dirty hands can introduce bacteria, leading to blockages.
  
  
• Skin conditions: Conditions like rosacea or seborrheic dermatitis, which affect the skin and eyelids, can also increase the risk of chalazion formation.
  
  
• Previous chalazion: Once you have had a chalazion, you may be at a higher risk of developing another one, as the glands may be more prone to becoming blocked again.
  
  
• Environmental factors: Exposure to dry air or wind can lead to irritation and increase the risk of developing chalazia.
  
  

Treatments for chalazion

Most chalazia are self-limiting and will resolve on their own within a few weeks without medical intervention. However, there are several treatments that can help speed up the healing process or relieve symptoms.

• Warm compress: One of the most effective treatments for a chalazion is applying a warm compress to the affected eyelid. The heat helps to soften the blocked oil, which can encourage it to drain. Apply the compress for 10 to 15 minutes several times a day.
  
  
• Gentle massage: After applying a warm compress, gently massaging the eyelid can help to loosen the oil and promote drainage. Be sure to wash your hands thoroughly before doing this to avoid infection.
  
  
• Eyelid hygiene: Keeping the eyelids clean is essential for preventing further blockages. Use a mild eyelid scrub or baby shampoo to gently cleanse the area, especially if you have blepharitis or other eyelid conditions.
  
  
• Omega-3 supplements: omega-3 supplements high in EPA and DHA can help improve the composition of meibomian secretions and flow, thereby reducing the risk of recurrence.
  
  
• Topical steroids: If the chalazion becomes inflamed or painful, your doctor may prescribe a topical steroid ointment to reduce inflammation and swelling.
  
  
• Surgical drainage: In cases where the chalazion does not respond to other treatments, a healthcare provider may need to drain the cyst surgically. This is usually a simple procedure done under local anesthesia, and it can provide immediate relief.
  
  
• Antibiotics: If the chalazion becomes infected (a condition called a stye), your doctor may prescribe oral antibiotics or antibiotic ointment to treat the infection. In some cases a 10-12 week course of low dose erythromycin or doxycycline may be prescribed (this helps with meibomian gland function rather than treating an acute infection).
  
  

Diagnosis of chalazion

If you have a lump on your eyelid, it is important to have it evaluated by an eye care professional to determine whether it is a chalazion or another condition, such as an eyelid cancer.

The diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination. The doctor will examine the eyelid to look for the characteristic signs of a chalazion. In some cases, they may recommend further testing, such as a biopsy, if the lump is not resolving or if there is concern about other conditions.

During the exam, your doctor may also ask about your medical history, including any history of blepharitis, skin conditions, or other factors that could contribute to chalazion development.

Preventing chalazion

While it is not always possible to prevent chalazion, there are some steps you can take to reduce the risk of developing them:

• Practice good hygiene: Always remove makeup before bed and wash your face regularly to prevent debris from clogging the glands in your eyelids.
  
  
• Keep eyelids clean: Use an eyelid scrub or diluted baby shampoo to gently clean your eyelids, especially if you have conditions like blepharitis.
  
  
• Avoid touching your eyes: Avoid rubbing your eyes or touching them with dirty hands, as this can introduce bacteria and increase the risk of infection.
  
  
• Manage underlying conditions: If you have skin conditions like rosacea or seborrheic dermatitis, work with your doctor to manage these conditions and reduce your risk of chalazion formation.
  
  

When to see a doctor?

In most cases, chalazia will resolve on their own with at-home treatments. However, it is important to see an eye doctor if:

• The lump does not improve after a few weeks.
• You experience significant pain or discomfort.
• The chalazion interferes with your vision.
• The eyelid becomes very red, swollen, or hot to the touch (which could indicate infection).
  
  

Conclusion

Chalazia are common, benign lumps that occur when the meibomian glands in the eyelids become blocked. While they are typically not serious and resolve on their own, they can cause discomfort and require treatment in some cases. If you notice any of the symptoms of chalazion, such as a painless lump, redness, or irritation, consider trying home remedies like warm compresses and gentle eyelid massage. However, if the chalazion persists or becomes painful, it is important to consult with an eye care professional for further evaluation and treatment. 

Author bio

Dr Parth Shah is a director and principal ophthalmologist at Clarity Eye Surgeons in Canberra. With extensive training and experience, he is renowned for his expertise in the field. Dr Shah is dedicated not only to performing successful surgeries but also to patient education. His compassionate approach, combined with technical proficiency, has earned him the trust and gratitude of countless patients. He is a true advocate for eye health and a trusted name in the Canberra ophthalmology community.

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